Cope's rule, - Organisms through the process of evolution increase in size. This increase can render them a number of advantages viz. Lesser threat of predation, better heat retention, larger brain sizes and ease of reproduction. It has however few disadvantages viz. longer gestation periods, slower rates of evolution, more requirement of food.
Gause's rule, - when two different species compete for the same resources, in the long run one with even the slightest advantage will dominate, pushing the other to extinction or to adapt to some other ecological niche.
parallelism, When two species from a common ancestors develop similar traits. It is a vague concept overlapping with convergence.
convergence, When two species different from each other under adaptive pressure develop similar phenotypes.
adaptive radiation, When a single species in a short span of time gives rise to multiple new species to take advantage of new ecological niches created by environmental changes.
and mosaic evolution, when certain traits of an organism develop at a faster rate than (or with no change in) other physical traits. Example is development of bipedalism in Australopithecus without a substantial growth in brain size.
Allele- The different variation of a single gene found with in a species.
Microevolution - The change in frequency of occurence of an allele within a population of a species over a short period of time. Effected by mutation, selection, genetic drift and gene flow.
Macroevolution - The change in the gene pool of an organism over a long period of time. It is like microevolution but over geological time scale.
Genetic drift- The change in frequency of occurence of an allele within a population due to random sampling.
Gene flow- The transfer of genes or alleles from one population to another.
Gause's rule, - when two different species compete for the same resources, in the long run one with even the slightest advantage will dominate, pushing the other to extinction or to adapt to some other ecological niche.
parallelism, When two species from a common ancestors develop similar traits. It is a vague concept overlapping with convergence.
convergence, When two species different from each other under adaptive pressure develop similar phenotypes.
adaptive radiation, When a single species in a short span of time gives rise to multiple new species to take advantage of new ecological niches created by environmental changes.
and mosaic evolution, when certain traits of an organism develop at a faster rate than (or with no change in) other physical traits. Example is development of bipedalism in Australopithecus without a substantial growth in brain size.
Allele- The different variation of a single gene found with in a species.
Microevolution - The change in frequency of occurence of an allele within a population of a species over a short period of time. Effected by mutation, selection, genetic drift and gene flow.
Macroevolution - The change in the gene pool of an organism over a long period of time. It is like microevolution but over geological time scale.
Genetic drift- The change in frequency of occurence of an allele within a population due to random sampling.
Gene flow- The transfer of genes or alleles from one population to another.
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