Colonialism and Imperialism :-
One of the consequences of the Indstrial revolution. Imperialism is the domination of one nation by another and colonialism is an advanced form of the same, where the subject nation is not controlled by the rulers of the ruling nation but by its bourgeoise.
Under a colonial system, the metropolis generally has a developed industrial base, the raw materials for which are derived from the colonised nation. There this is a skewed relationship between the two. The excell produced in the colonised nation is shipped off to the metropolis while the bourgeoise of the colonised nation is supressed. while the metropolis embraces modernity, the colony is kept feudal and only the reforms that benefit the metropolis are implemented.
A colonial structured can be explained by following characteristics-
1) The agriculture and other primary sector of the colony are not connected to the native industry but to the world market.
2) Most of the lucrative and influential positions are denied to the local population and offered to citizens of metropolis, causing drain of wealth.
3) There is a political dependence of the colony on the metropolis where decisions are made based on the interests of the colonisers.
4) There are trade restrictions like monopoly of the metropolis and supressing of bourgeoise and manipulating the agriculture to suits the demands of Metropolis's demands.
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Colonies can be of two kinds,
a) Settler colonies; where the citizens of metropolis or other useful peoples ( like slaves ) are settled in the conquered lands.( canada, australia)
b) Exploitation colonies; where the natives are exploited for the benefit of the metropolis. ( like india, indonesia)
Colonialism is derived from colonus, meaning farmers while empire is derived from empirium, meaning command. They have often been used interchangebly but following are the difference-
1) Imperialism is an old concept while colonialism is a modern construct having its origins in 15th century.
2) Colonialism witnesses a mass movement of people from metropolis to the colony, while it is absent in an empire.
3)Empire means expands ones domination to a large area encompassing ones enighbours. Colonialism on the other hand means conquest of a nation and political and social takeover.
Nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji brought to attention the effects of Colonialism in India. In his book Poverty and unbritish rule of india, he highlighted the siphonning off of the surplous from India. He described 6 factors that led to drain of wealth from india -
1) India was ruled by a foreign government.
2) India was paying for colonial expansion within and outside India.
3) Payment of the administrators and army.
4) Free trade policies as a means of exploitation.
5) Lucrative jobs held by foreigners who spent it outside or left with the money to mother country.
6) India hadnt attracted any immigration which brings skilled labour and capital in the country.
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Differences between capitalism and colonialism -
In colonialism state acted as the means by which the capitalist class controlled the colony.In a colony like India, state doesnt own any means of production still dominates the colony unlike the colonialists which derive their domination form means of production. Hence while the capitalist domination is derived from leadership and persuation the colonial domination is based on coersion and threats.
While in capitalism one class dominates another class, in colonialism, one class of the mother nation dominates all the calasses in the colony. Even the bourgeoise of the colony are not stakeholders in the power. Their interests can be compromised at any point for the benefit of the metropolitans. The state maintains law and order for its own benefit and all the reforms be political or social are aimed only at increasing the profits. However since the colony is ruled by the bourgeoise of the mother nation, it could reform the administration and create a semi-democratic state with space for constitution.
One of the consequences of the Indstrial revolution. Imperialism is the domination of one nation by another and colonialism is an advanced form of the same, where the subject nation is not controlled by the rulers of the ruling nation but by its bourgeoise.
Under a colonial system, the metropolis generally has a developed industrial base, the raw materials for which are derived from the colonised nation. There this is a skewed relationship between the two. The excell produced in the colonised nation is shipped off to the metropolis while the bourgeoise of the colonised nation is supressed. while the metropolis embraces modernity, the colony is kept feudal and only the reforms that benefit the metropolis are implemented.
A colonial structured can be explained by following characteristics-
1) The agriculture and other primary sector of the colony are not connected to the native industry but to the world market.
2) Most of the lucrative and influential positions are denied to the local population and offered to citizens of metropolis, causing drain of wealth.
3) There is a political dependence of the colony on the metropolis where decisions are made based on the interests of the colonisers.
4) There are trade restrictions like monopoly of the metropolis and supressing of bourgeoise and manipulating the agriculture to suits the demands of Metropolis's demands.
Colonies can be of two kinds,
a) Settler colonies; where the citizens of metropolis or other useful peoples ( like slaves ) are settled in the conquered lands.( canada, australia)
b) Exploitation colonies; where the natives are exploited for the benefit of the metropolis. ( like india, indonesia)
Colonialism is derived from colonus, meaning farmers while empire is derived from empirium, meaning command. They have often been used interchangebly but following are the difference-
1) Imperialism is an old concept while colonialism is a modern construct having its origins in 15th century.
2) Colonialism witnesses a mass movement of people from metropolis to the colony, while it is absent in an empire.
3)Empire means expands ones domination to a large area encompassing ones enighbours. Colonialism on the other hand means conquest of a nation and political and social takeover.
Nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji brought to attention the effects of Colonialism in India. In his book Poverty and unbritish rule of india, he highlighted the siphonning off of the surplous from India. He described 6 factors that led to drain of wealth from india -
1) India was ruled by a foreign government.
2) India was paying for colonial expansion within and outside India.
3) Payment of the administrators and army.
4) Free trade policies as a means of exploitation.
5) Lucrative jobs held by foreigners who spent it outside or left with the money to mother country.
6) India hadnt attracted any immigration which brings skilled labour and capital in the country.
Differences between capitalism and colonialism -
In colonialism state acted as the means by which the capitalist class controlled the colony.In a colony like India, state doesnt own any means of production still dominates the colony unlike the colonialists which derive their domination form means of production. Hence while the capitalist domination is derived from leadership and persuation the colonial domination is based on coersion and threats.
While in capitalism one class dominates another class, in colonialism, one class of the mother nation dominates all the calasses in the colony. Even the bourgeoise of the colony are not stakeholders in the power. Their interests can be compromised at any point for the benefit of the metropolitans. The state maintains law and order for its own benefit and all the reforms be political or social are aimed only at increasing the profits. However since the colony is ruled by the bourgeoise of the mother nation, it could reform the administration and create a semi-democratic state with space for constitution.
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